Economic and social development is and will be the main task in the long run in China, and development is the basis and key to solve the problems faced. Although people have been criticising its limitations for reasons of one sort or another, no better alternative index has ever been put forward. GDP is still commonly used all over the world, not only as a fundamental and comprehensive indicator for economic analysis, but also as an important basis for many rules and evaluations. It is impossible to abolish GDP, but it is now the time to bid farewell to its worship.By saying goodbye to China's GDP worship, the role of GDP may be downplayed and restored to its original position. In modern China, in order to adhere to the essential guideline that development is the absolute principle, it is necessary to steadfastly undertake scientific development, pay more attention to the people, place more emphasis on comprehensive, concerted and sustainable development, give priority to the overall consideration of various aspects of development, and make more efforts to protect and improve people's livelihood and promote social equality and justice.In light of the spirit of scientific outlook on development, it is imperative to establish new concepts, an evaluation system and an assessment mechanism on economic and social development, especially to accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development. It will be a profound change covering the entire process and various aspects of economic and social development. It is a requirement of the times, and also a choice to be made at such a new and historical starting point.Based on the outstanding research findings of many visionaries and the initial practices in some local areas in recent years, this book proposes to switch the focus to multi-dimensional and comprehensive indicators from GDP alone and establish a new economic and social evaluation system, that is, abandon the GDP-centred evaluation system or GDP worship and adopt a comprehensive evaluation system for economic and social development embodying the scientific outlook on development — the comprehensive development index (CDI).