Dyslexia is often presented as a clearly delineated condition that can be diagnosed on the basis of appropriate cognitive tests with corresponding forms on intervention. However, this approachable text explores the issues behind this assertion in bringing together leading figures in the field to debate dyslexia.

Julian Elliott shows that understandings and usage of the dyslexia label vary substantially with little consensus or agreement and in putting forward his critique draws upon research in several disciplinary fields to demonstrate the irrationality of these arguments. Roderick I. Nicolson demonstrates that current approaches to understanding, identification and support of dyslexia are catastrophically flawed in terms of their failure to consider the developmental nature of dyslexia. He develops two themes: first that the underlying cause of dyslexia is 'delayed neural commitment' for skills and neural circuits, and second that the cause of the reading disability is the introduction of formal instruction before the dyslexic child's neural circuits for executive function are sufficiently developed. He argues that a more effective and cost-effective approach to identification and support involves 'assessment for dyslexia' rather than 'of dyslexia'. Elliott and Nicolson respond to the points each other raise before Andrew Davis investigates how far the key claims of Elliott and Nicolson can withstand close conceptual investigation, and explores the inherent limitations of scientific research on this topic, given the value and conceptual issues concerned.

Julian Elliott is Principal at Collingwood College and Professor of Education, Durham University, UK. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and a member of the Research Excellence Framework 2014 Education Panel.

Rod Nicolson is Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK. He is also an Executive Editor of Dyslexia. He has published over 100 academic articles, books and psychological tests, including the recent book Positive Dyslexia.

Andrew Davis is Research Fellow within the School of Education at Durham University, UK. His recent publication To Read or Not to Read: Decoding Synthetic Phonics attracted widespread media attention and controversy.