With the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States' long war on communism was replaced by a perpetual war on terror. The authors posit that this neo-imperialistic phase is but the latest development in a line of thought and action established after World War II. But, they say, 2005 is not 1945. Today, they argue, the United States uses its power to deplete the resources of the developing world, and to compel the rest of the world to remain dependent on American management of the global economy. Contending that this situation is ultimately untenable, they assert that the United States is entering a period of deep crisis. The best thing for American neo-imperialists to do to avert their worst nightmare-a strategic and economic alliance among Europe, Russia, China, and OPEC-would be to arrange for the orderly withdrawal of American power before it is too late for the human and environmental security of the world.

When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the Cold War slowly gave way to a new world order in which the United States was left as the lone superpower. But the organizing principle that would characterize the early 21st century was as yet unclear, until the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Now it is clear that the long war on Communism has been replaced by a perpetual war on terror. Regardless of how long American troops remain in Iraq, and irrespective of further military actions, George W. Bush will continue to be a wartime president whose foreign policy is dominated by the Pentagon. And yet, the authors argue, this neo-imperialistic phase, with its emphasis on Eurasian oil supplies, is but the latest development in a line of thinking and acting in the world that was established by such men as Dean Acheson and Paul Nitze after World War II.

But 2005 is not 1945, and the United States, despite Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Vice President Dick Cheney's assertions, is not liberating Iraq and Afghanistan in the same way that U.S. forces liberated Germany and Japan; it is not reconstructing Iraq or the former Yugoslavia as it did when it rebuilt war torn western Europe with the Marshall Plan. The United States, with its thinly stretched military and deficit-laden economy, does not possess the means to do so today. Instead, the authors maintain, the United States is simply depleting the developing world's natural resources, compelling the rest of the developed world to remain dependent on American management of the global economy. This situation is ultimately untenable, the authors argue, and as a result, the United States is entering a period of deep crisis. The best thing for American neo-imperialists to do to avert their worst nightmare-a strategic and economic alliance among Europe, Russia, China, and OPEC-would be to arrange for the orderly withdrawal of American power before it is too late for the human and environmental security of the world as a whole.

Vassilis K. Fouskas is a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Stirling. He is the founding editor of the Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans and the author of Zones of Conflict: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Balkans and Greater Middle East (2003) and Italy, Europe, and the Left (1998).

Búlent Gókay is a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Keele University. He is the editor of the Eurasian Studies Network and the author of The Politics of Caspian Oil (2001) and co-editor of Kosovo: Politics of Delusion (2001) and 11 September 2001: War, Terror, and Judgement (2003).