Being on call as a pediatric resident or a pediatric hematology-oncology fellow can cause great anxiety. In addition to the relatively common patient with chemotherapy-related fever and neutropenia, there is the anticipation of problems that a trainee may have read about but not yet actually seen - the adolescent newly presenting with a white blood cell count of 600,000/mm3, the 2 year old spitting up blood with a platelet count of 2,000/ mm3 and a hemoglobin of 5g/dL, the child who comes to the ER with difficulty walking and is found to have a paraspinal mass on MRI. Most issues can wait until the next day when more senior practitioners are around, but some are true medical emergencies and just can’t.

This manual is intended as a one-stop solution for such frantic moments - a quick resource to bridge the hours between the start of night call and morning rounds that focuses on what needs to be done immediately to avoid hurting a patient. It offers succinct guidelines and algorithms to address the emergencies most likely to come up overnight. For those tempted to turn to AI for quick solutions, there are some salutary lessons from responses AI has given when asked about such emergencies.

Julie Blatt, M.D., Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, UNC Hospitals, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Winston-Salem, USA. She is a member of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology’s Vascular Anomalies Special Interest Group, where she chairs the Practice Work Group, and of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies.

April Evans, M.D, M.P.H., Department of Hematology-Oncology, Roger Maris Cancer Center, Fargo, North Dakota, USA.

Jessica Benjamin-Eze, D.O.., Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Winston-Salem, USA.