The book describes the evolution of economic theory, considering historical, political and scientific perspectives. It discusses economic concepts and the formation of economics as a discipline since the feudal system, passing through the formation of the State, until the present. The main economic concepts are presented, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, privatization, taxes, tariffs, the concept of currencies, stock markets, international transactions, and economic policies. The book contains a complete glossary of economic terms to help the reader.

Younis Ahmad Hajam, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Department of Life Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Punjab, India. Formerly, he was Head of the Department of Zoology at Career Point University, India. His areas of research are animal physiology, applied zoology, nutraceuticals, and biodiversity conservation. Dr. Hajam has published books, book chapters, and research papers and proceedings and has organized conferences, seminars, workshops, and webinars.

Rouf Ahmad Bhat, PhD, is working in the Department of School Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He has authored several research articles, book chapters, and books. He specializes in limnology, toxicology, phytochemistry, and phytoremediation. He was formerly an Associate Environmental Expert in the World Bank-funded Flood Recovery Project. He is also affiliated with of Asian Development Bank-funded development projects.

Khalid Rehman Hakeem, PhD, is Professor at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Hakeem’s teaching and research experience is in plant eco-physiology, biotechnology and molecular biology, medicinal plant research, plant-microbe-soil interactions, as well as in environmental studies. He is involved with several international government research projects. Dr. Hakeem has authored and edited many books, book chapters, and research publications.

Rajesh Kumar, PhD, is Professor Assistant, Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, India. His areas of research are animal physiology, applied zoology, nutraceuticals, and biodiversity conservation. He has conducted research on honeybee physiology and nutrition and waste management. Dr. Kumar has published research articles and book chapters as well as several books and has organized national-level academic events and conferences in conjunction with government agencies.